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Aerodynamics Intermediate

03  Drag

Lift never comes alone. Part of the drag bill is the price of pushing any shape through air; the rest is the price of the lift itself. The two families behave oppositely as speed changes, and that opposition shapes how every aircraft is flown, from best-glide speed to why airliners cruise where they do.

Step 1 / 2

Explain the two families of drag: parasite and induced. Where does each come from, how does each change as the aircraft flies faster in level flight, and why does their difference create a speed of minimum total drag?

Low pressure −−−−−−− +++++++ High pressure High pressure leaks around the tips and rolls into trailing vortices. Their downwash tilts the lift vector rearward; that component is induced drag.
Hints
  • Parasite drag is the cost of shape and skin. It rides on dynamic pressure, so it grows with V2 .
  • The figure shows where induced drag is born. Ask what happens to that tip leakage when level flight needs less CL .
  • One curve rises with speed, the other falls. Add them and look for the bottom.
Calculations are checked exactly; written answers are graded by Claude.